Alvear was arguably the foremost Argentinian statesman and dipolmat of the 20th century. The present Lot, a personal side-arm, was gifted to him by Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear (1868-1942), the then President of Argentina, to commemorate the founding of the Turkish Republic on 29 October 1923. His surname, Atatürk, meaning 'Father of the Turks', was bestowed on him in 1935, by his grateful nation. His achievements include the emancipation and enfranchisement of women, the introduction of a Westernised legal and political system and the replacement of the Arab alphabet with Latin characters. By 1923, Turkey was a secular republic, allowing Atatrk to embark upon an ambitious programme of social and political reform. Atatrk then moved to establish a provisional government at Ankara and the next year, 1922, the 623 year old Ottoman Sultanate was formally dissolved.
His success entailed the revision of the settlement in the Treaty of Lausanne. In 1919, he initiated a nationalist revolution, ostensibly to protest the harsh peace terms levied by the victorious powers. After having lost their lives on this land they have become our sons as well." You, the mothers, who sent their sons from far away countries, wipe away your tears your sons are now lying in our bosom and are in peace. There is no difference between the Johnnies and the Mehmets to us where they lie side by side here in this country of ours. you are now lying in the soil of a friendly country.
"Those heroes that shed their blood and lost their lives. His reputation as a great tactician and a gallant officer was cemented by the campaigns repelling the Allies at the Battle of Gallipoli and elsewhere in the Dardanelles, where his chivalry in victory became proverbial.
In 1911, he had fought against the Italians in Libya and in the Balkans from 1912-13. A great reformer, statesman and soldier, he singlehandedly modernised Turkey creating a prosperous secular republic out of the declining remnants of the old Ottoman Empire. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk is the most famous Turk of the 20th century.
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