With a 6-second reverberation time at mid-frequencies, Katz describes Notre Dame's sound as being "as full as you can imagine, with the reverberant energy coming from all around. "Reverberant energy"-Notre Dame's full sound "This is in stark contrast to when we do measurements within concert halls with different levels and balconies." "One advantage of such a space is the relatively flat floor, which allowed us to have the majority of our equipment on a cart that can be rolled down the aisle," Katz said. Getting access to iconic sites like Notre Dame is always difficult, and the time inside to record measurements always goes by fast. "Once set up, the measurements took a little more than one hour and mostly involved moving microphones around." This response, or the acoustic signature, for each source/receiver pair in effect characterizes how the room transforms the sound from source to receiver," Katz said. "Technically speaking, we used a 20-second exponential sweep-sine signal, or chip, and deconvolution to obtain the room impulse response. The researchers use mostly pro-audio hardware because it often provides a better signal-to-noise ratio and the installation is easier than laboratory measurement equipment. "We also included several balloon bursts as a safeguard, well aware of their acoustic limitations," Katz said.
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Several dodecahedron loudspeakers were situated at key positions inside the cathedral, representing either typical source positions or those measurement positions of a series of measurements carried out by the same lab in 1987. Measurements were made using a collection of omnidirectional, 3-D (first order ambisonic), and dummy head (binaural) microphones. But for the long reverberation time and the considerable volume, we had to work to get our signal-to-noise level to an adequate level." "We don't use any special cathedral protocols.
"The basic practice of measuring the acoustics of rooms is common across spaces," Katz said. How they captured the acoustics of Notre Dame A grand church organ, for example, played within a dry room suited to speech can sound more like an accordion-without the reverberation mixing effect of the acoustics." Some emphasize the intelligibility of the spoken word, while others focus on the ritual aspects and musical nature. "Acoustics within churches and places of worship, in general, vary greatly with the associated religious practices. "The acoustics of worship spaces has long been a topic of interest and is an active area of study right now," said Katz. He is available to answer questions from reporters about the work and reconstructing the complex acoustics of Notre Dame. They document the acoustic conditions of the cathedral before the fire and can be used during its restoration. These measurements hold new significance now, Katz said. Those measurements and the methods his team used to obtained them were detailed in several publications in the ASA's flagship publication, the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, and one of Katz's students is presenting some of the work later this month at the 177th Meeting of Acoustical Society of America in Louisville, Kentucky. Six years ago, on April 24, 2013, Brian FG Katz, a Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America and CNRS research director at Sorbonne Université, and colleagues obtained detailed measurements of the acoustics of the main space within Notre Dame. Myriad nuances and details are unique-many of which are likely to change during the course of centuries as furnishings and renovations evolve.
Other cathedrals may seem to have similar acoustics, but no two are the same in the way sound soars and reverberates inside.
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